RESEARCH STUDIES INDEX
A list of all the studies I've shared through my Substack newsletter by category.
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Free subscribers have access to studies shared in free newsletters from the last three months.
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ALTITUDE
Effects of hypoxia on exercise-induced diaphragm fatigue in healthy males and females
Periodization of altitude training: A collective case study of high-level swimmers
Women at altitude: Sex-related physiological responses to exercise in hypoxia
Contemporary periodization of altitude training for elite endurance athletes
Effect of a 16-day altitude training camp on 3,000m steeplechase running energetics and biomechanics
Variability in hemoglobin mass response to altitude training camps
Absence of neocytolysis in humans returning from a 3-week high-altitude sojourn
BREATHING
COACHING
DOWNHILL
Neuromuscular, biomechanical, and energetic adjustments following repeated bouts of downhill running
The repeated bout effect influences lower-extremity biomechanics during a 30-min downhill run
Changes in running economy at different intensities following downhill running
ENVIRONMENT
Whole-body kinematic adaptations to running on an unstable, irregular, and compliant surface
Effects of weather parameters on endurance running performance
Runners adjust leg stiffness for their first step on a new running surface
EQUIPMENT
Equipment - SHOES
Does orthotics use improve comfort, speed and injury rate during running?
Running shoes for preventing lower limb running injuries in adults
Individual physiological responses to changes in shoe bending stiffness
Effects of highly cushioned and resilient racing shoes on running economy at slower running speeds
Bone stress injuries in runners using carbon fiber plate footwear
The effect of advanced footwear technology on elite male marathon race speed
Longitudinal bending stiffness does not affect running economy in Nike Vaporfly Shoes
Recreational runners gain physiological and biomechanical benefits from supershoes at marathon paces
Can parallel use of different running shoes decrease running-related injury risk?
Equipment - OTHER
Nasal dilator and physiological parameters associated to running performance
Pole walking is faster but not cheaper during steep uphill walking
Sports bra restriction on respiratory mechanics during exercise
The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the human skeletal muscle transcriptome
FATIGUE
Performance feedback mitigates the effects of mental fatigue on endurance exercise performance
Central and peripheral contributions to neuromuscular fatigue induced by a 24h treadmill run
Is there evidence for the suggestion that fatigue accumulates following resistance exercise?
GENERAL
Adherence to aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities guidelines
Using beat frequency in music to adjust running cadence in recreational runners
HEAT
Heat - STRATEGIES DURING PERFORMANCE
Wearing a cap, thermoregulation, and thermal sensation during running in a hot environment
Performance benefits of pre- and per-cooling on self-paced versus constant workload exercise
Ad libitum ice slurry ingestion and half-marathon performance in a hot environment
Modelling thermoregulatory responses during high-intensity exercise in warm environments
Gastric emptying during exercise: Effects of heat stress and hypohydration
Heat - ACCLIMATION
Active heat acclimation does not alter muscle-tendon unit properties
Evidence that heat acclimation training may alter sleep and incidental activity
Heat preparation and knowledge at the world athletics race walking team championships Muscat 2022
Haematological adaptations to training with and without heat
HRV
Training adaptation and heart rate variability in elite endurance athletes
Practices and applications of heart rate variability monitoring in endurance athletes
Daily cardiac autonomic responses during the Tour de France in a male professional cyclist
HYDRATION
Effects of dehydration and rehydration on cognitive performance
Muscle blood flow is reduced with dehydration during prolonged exercise in humans
The influence of hydration state on thermoregulation during a 161-km ultramarathon
Exercise-induced hypohydration impairs 3 km treadmill-running performance in temperate conditions
Perceived dehydration impairs endurance cycling performance in the heat in active males
Hypohydration attenuates increases in creatinine clearance to oral protein loading and the renal hemodynamic response to exercise pressor reflex
INJURY and ILLNESS
Variations of workload indices prior to injuries: A study in trail runners
Musculoskeletal injuries and illnesses in the Spanish team the month prior to the WMTRC 2022
Prevalence of female and male athlete triad risk factors in ultramarathon runners
A case-based reasoning approach to post-injury training recommendations for marathon runners
INTERVALS
Prescription of high-intensity aerobic interval training based on oxygen uptake kinetics
High intensity and sprint interval training, and work-related cognitive function in adults
The relationship between power and the time to achieve V̇O2max
Influence of interval training frequency on time-trial performance in elite endurance athletes
The higher fraction of VO2 Max during interval training, the greater gains in performance
Effects of different uphill interval-training programs on running economy and performance
Increased oxygen uptake in well-trained runners during uphill high intensity running intervals
A narrative review exploring advances in interval training for endurance athletes
NUTRITION
Nutrition - CHO
A signalling role for muscle glycogen in the regulation of pace during prolonged exercise
Dose–response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability
Assessing exogenous carbohydrate intake needed to optimize human endurance performance across sex
Competition nutrition practices of elite ultramarathon runners
Carbohydrate supplementation and the influence of breakfast on fuel use in hypoxia
Nutrition - CHO - SOURCES
Comparable exogenous carbohydrate oxidation from lactose or sucrose during exercise
Pectin-alginate does not further enhance exogenous carbohydrate oxidation in running
A food first approach to carbohydrate supplementation in endurance exercise
Nutrition - CHO - LOADING
Carbohydrate loading in human muscle: an improved 1 day protocol
Rapid carbohydrate loading after a short bout of near maximal-intensity exercise
Nutrition - CHO - PERIODIZATION
The application of daily carbohydrate periodization throughout a cycling Grand Tour
Self-reported periodization of nutrition in elite female and male runners and race walkers
Nutrition - CHO - RESTRICTION
Chronic carbohydrate restriction improves endurance capacity and body composition in men and women
A short-term ketogenic diet impairs markers of bone health in response to exercise
Relationship between energy deficits and body composition in elite female gymnasts and runners
Eight-hour time-restricted eating does not lower daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates
Energy deficiency impairs resistance training gains in lean mass but not strength
Nutrition - PROTEIN
Pre-sleep protein supplementation in professional cyclists during a training camp
Failure of protein to improve time trial performance when added to a sports drink
Maximizing post-exercise anabolism: the case for relative protein intakes
Effect of whey protein supplementation on weight and body composition indicators
Carbohydrate does not augment exercise-induced protein accretion versus protein alone
Effects of vegan and omnivore diet on post-downhill running economy and muscle function
Nutrition - OTHER
Exogenous ketosis suppresses diuresis and atrial natriuretic peptide during exercise
Food and macronutrient intake of male adolescent Kalenjin runners in Kenya
Ordered eating and its effects on various postprandial health markers
Dietary observations of ultra-endurance runners in preparation for and during a continuous 24h event
Fluctuations in food and fluid intake during a 24-h World Championship
Dietary adjustments to altitude training in elite endurance athletes
Effects of 8 week of 16:8 time-restricted eating in male middle- and long-distance runners
Are the dietary-nutritional recommendations met? Analysis of intake in endurance competitions
Nutrition and altitude: strategies to enhance adaptation, improve performance and maintain health
Nutritional strategies in an elite wheelchair marathoner at 3900m altitude
PACING
Uneven but conservative pacing is associated with performance during uphill and downhill running
The role of the rating of perceived exertion template in pacing
Downhill Sections Are Crucial for Performance in Trail Running Ultramarathons
Optimally controlling nutrition and propulsion force in a long distance running race
Pacing strategy affects the sub-elite marathoner's cardiac drift and performance
Heart rate does not reflect the %VO2 Max in recreational runners during the marathon
Pacing and heat stress independently and differentially affect elite marathon performance
PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology - HEART
Physiology - REDS
The return from underperformance to sustainable world-class level
Is the response of human energy expenditure to increased physical activity additive or constrained?
Medical and performance outcomes associated with indicators of low energy availability
Direct and indirect impact of low energy availability on sports performance
Physiology - VO2 MAX
Eager to set a record in a vertical race? Test your VO2max first!
VO2max and velocity at VO2max play a role in ultradistance trail-running performance
Standard deviation of individual response for VO2 Max following exercise intervention
Physiology - PREDICTING PERFORMANCE
Physiological and biological factors associated with a 24h treadmill ultra-marathon performance
Predicting trail running performance with laboratory exercise tests and field-based results
Are pre‐race serum blood biomarkers associated with the 24 hour ultramarathon race performance?
Physiology - FEMALE ATHLETES
Physiology - WEIGHT
Effects of weight cutting on exercise performance in combat athletes
Dose-dependent effects of training and detraining on weight in 6406 runners during 7.4 years
Physiology - ENERGY METBOLISM / DIGESTION
Acute postprandial glycemic response to exercise before and after meal ingestion
Effect of prior exercise on glucose metabolism in trained men
Fundamentals of glycogen metabolism for coaches and athletes
Muscle glycogen storage after different amounts of carbohydrate ingestion
Physiology - INTENSITY DOMAINS
Physiology - RUNNING ECONOMY
The effects of an acute bout of foam rolling on hip range of motion on different tissues
Reducing the peak tibial acceleration of running by music-based biofeedback
Continuous analysis of marathon running using inertial sensors: Hitting two walls?
The effect of forward postural lean on running economy, kinematics, and muscle activation
Physiology - OTHER
Muscle cramping in the marathon: Dehydration and electrolyte depletion vs. muscle damage
Time to move from mandatory stretching? We need to differentiate “Can I?” from “Do I have to?”
Inhibiting regional sweat evaporation modifies the ventilatory response to exercise
Myonuclear alterations associated with exercise are independent of age in humans
Acidosis attenuates CPT-I supported bioenergetics as a potential mechanism limiting lipid oxidation
Aspects of respiratory muscle fatigue in a mountain ultramarathon race
Is the use of hyperoxia in sports effective, safe and ethical?
Improving the diagnosis of nonfunctional overreaching and overtraining syndrome
Limits of ultra: towards an interdisciplinary understanding of ultra-endurance running performance
Physical exercise and selective autophagy: benefit and risk on cardiovascular health
Effects of foot-strike pattern on neuromuscular function during a prolonged graded run
Defecation after magnesium supplementation enhances cognitive performance in triathletes
Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory
Warm-up in triathlon: Do triathletes follow the scientific guidelines?
Achilles tendon thickness reduces immediately after a marathon
Effects of exercise training on mitochondrial and capillary growth in human skeletal muscle
PSYCHOLOGY
On the wisdom of not-knowing: reflections of an Olympic Canoe Slalom coach
The effect of mindfulness-based interventions on elite athlete mental health
Mental health disorders in ultra endurance athletes per ICD-11 classifications
Three weeks of mental training changes physiological outcomes during a time trial to exhaustion
Volitional running and tone counting: the impact of cognitive load on running over natural terrain
Strategic self-talk and running performance in a middle-distance race
Negative self-talk in runners: Emotional intelligence and perceived stress as explanatory factors
Improvement of 10km time-trial cycling with motivational self-talk compared with neutral self-talk
Positive and negative spontaneous self-talk and performance in gymnastics
RECOVERY
Perceptions and use of recovery strategies: Do swimmers and coaches believe they are effective?
Effects of two different recovery postures during high-intensity interval training
SLEEP
Manipulating sleep duration perception changes cognitive performance
Sleep hygiene and light exposure can improve performance following long-haul air travel
STRENGTH
The minimum effective training dose required to increase 1RM strength in resistance-trained men
Physiological responses and adaptations to lower load resistance training
Effect of resistance training frequency on gains in muscular strength
Are trainees lifting heavy enough? Self-selected loads in resistance exercise
The effect of strength training on performance indicators in distance runners
Is post-exercise muscle soreness a valid indicator of muscular adaptations?
SUPPLEMENT
Supplement - KETONES
Acute ketone monoester supplementation impairs 20-min time-trial performance in trained cyclists
Ketone ester supplementation blunts overreaching symptoms during endurance training overload
Exogenous ketosis attenuates acute mountain sickness and mitigates high-altitude hypoxemia
No benefit of ingestion of a ketone monoester supplement on 10km running performance
Supplement - BICARBONATE
Effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on muscular strength and endurance
Effect of sodium bicarbonate on prolonged running performance
Supplement - CAFFEINE
Effects of moderate exercise on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine
Caffeine ingestion during exercise to exhaustion in elite distance runners
Supplement - CREATINE
Can creatine combat the mental fatigue-associated decrease in visuomotor skills?
The effect of creatine supplementation on resistance training–based changes to body composition
Supplement - OTHER
The key role of nutritional elements on sport rehabilitation
Effects of collagen and exercise on tendon properties and pain
Effect of different drinks on the absorption of non-heme iron from composite meals
Iron absorption in highly trained male runners: Does it matter when and where you eat your iron?
Beta-alanine did not improve high-intensity performance throughout simulated road cycling
What is the effect of paracetamol (acetaminophen) ingestion on exercise performance?
Thermal and cardiovascular responses during exertional heat stress after diphenhydramine use
Effects of magnesium supplementation on muscle soreness in different type of physical activities
Effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on body weight and BMI in diverse clinical contexts
Placebo effect of caffeine on physiological parameters and physical performance
SWIMMING
The effect of paddles on pressure and force generation at the hand during front crawl
Which phases of the stroke cycle are propulsive in front crawl swimming?
Analysis of pacing and kinematics in 3000m freestyle in elite level swimmers
TAPERING
TRAINING
Training - PERIODIZATION
Training periodization, intensity distribution, and volume in trained cyclists
Elite swimmers’ training patterns in the 25 weeks prior to their season’s best performances
Training - LOAD
Training load and performance impairments in professional cyclists during COVID-19 lockdown
Training load and acute performance decrements following different training sessions
The quantification of training load, the training response and the effect on performance
Psychological monitoring and modulation of training load of world-class canoeists
Intensity matters: Effect of different work-matched efforts on subsequent performance in cyclists
Training - INTENSITY DISTRIBUTION
Best Time of Day for strength and endurance training to improve health and performance
The training intensity distribution among well-trained and elite endurance athletes
Training intensity distribution, training volume, and periodization models in elite swimmers
Gold, silver or bronze: circadian variation strongly affects performance in Olympic athletes
How to equalize high- and low-intensity endurance exercise dose
Training - PERCEIVED EFFORT
Training - OVERREACHING
Training - DETRAINING
Training - OTHER
Estimating the cost of training disruptions on marathon performance
Prior brain endurance training improves endurance exercise performance
Progressive daily hopping exercise improves running economy in amateur runners
Skeletal muscle adaptation: training twice every second day vs. training once daily
Comparison of high- vs. low-responders following a 6-month XC ski-specific training period
One week of step reduction lowers myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in young men
Quantitative analysis of 92 12-week sub-elite marathon training plans
Effect of 6-week sprint training on long-distance running performance in highly trained runners
The effects of continuous compared to accumulated exercise on health
Background inactivity blunts metabolic adaptations to intense short-term training
How do new runners maintain their running, and what leads to others stopping?